ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. 1. Catabolism specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules to release energy. 2. Metabolism (A) is the overall set of chemical reactions that occur in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 3. Bioenergetics (B) is the study of energy transformation in living organisms, not specifically the breakdown of molecules. 4. Anabolism (C) is the opposite process of catabolism, involving the building of large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Merkel's discs. Merkel's discs are located in the epidermis and respond to light touch and slower vibrations due to their sensitivity to sustained pressure. Pacinian corpuscles (B) detect deep pressure and fast vibrations. Meissner's corpuscles (C) are responsible for detecting light touch but not vibrations. Ruffini endings (D) respond to skin stretch and warmth but not specifically to light touch and slower vibrations. Therefore, Merkel's discs are the most appropriate choice for receptors that respond to light touch and slower vibrations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because sinuses warm, humidify, and filter air before it reaches the lungs, improving respiratory efficiency. Sinuses have mucous membranes that trap particles and pathogens, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. This process helps to protect the lungs and maintain their health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because sinuses do not primarily trap pathogens, direct air down the trachea, or sweep away pathogens towards the top of the trachea.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because all types of muscle tissue share the properties of being contractile (ability to contract), excitable (responsive to stimuli), elastic (ability to return to original shape), and extensible (ability to stretch). Choice B is incorrect because voluntary is not a shared property of all muscle tissues. Choice C is incorrect because voluntary is not a shared property of all muscle tissues. Choice D is incorrect because voluntary is not a shared property of all muscle tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (50%). When an A heterozygote (IAi) individual and an O (ii) individual have a child, the possible genotypes of the offspring are IAi (A blood type) and ii (O blood type). Since A and O blood types are determined by codominant and recessive alleles respectively, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the A allele from the A heterozygote parent, resulting in A blood type. Therefore, the probability of the child having A blood type is 50%. Choice A (25%) is incorrect because it does not consider the possibility of the child inheriting the A allele from the A heterozygote parent. Choice C (75%) and choice D (100%) are incorrect as they overestimate the probability by not accounting for the presence of the O allele in the O parent, which would result in the child having O blood type.