ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxygen. Oxygen is a small, non-polar molecule that can easily move through the cell membrane by passive transport, specifically through simple diffusion. This process does not require energy input and occurs from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Complex sugars (A) are too large to pass through the membrane without assistance. Non-lipid soluble molecules (B) cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the membrane. Molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (D) require active transport, which involves the expenditure of energy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During meiosis, a parent cell undergoes two rounds of cell division resulting in the formation of four daughter cells. 1. In the first division (meiosis I), homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 2. In the second division (meiosis II), sister chromatids separate, producing a total of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Four. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because meiosis specifically leads to the formation of four daughter cells, not one, two, or three.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The glomerulus. The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule where blood filtration occurs. It functions as the main filter of the blood entering the kidney by allowing small molecules like water, glucose, and wastes to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. The Loop of Henle is responsible for water reabsorption, not blood filtration. The Bowman's capsule is the initial structure where the glomerulus is located, but it is not the main filter. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney composed of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules, so it encompasses the other structures mentioned.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: An inference. This statement involves drawing a conclusion based on evidence, rather than directly observing the fact. The conclusion that someone must have forgotten to water the flower is inferred from the observation that the flower is dead. It goes beyond simple observation (Choice B) and does not involve categorizing or grouping (Choice A) or collecting items (Choice D). Inference involves using reasoning and evidence to make an educated guess or interpretation, which fits the scenario described in the statement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Merkel's discs. Merkel's discs are located in the epidermis and respond to light touch and slower vibrations due to their sensitivity to sustained pressure. Pacinian corpuscles (B) detect deep pressure and fast vibrations. Meissner's corpuscles (C) are responsible for detecting light touch but not vibrations. Ruffini endings (D) respond to skin stretch and warmth but not specifically to light touch and slower vibrations. Therefore, Merkel's discs are the most appropriate choice for receptors that respond to light touch and slower vibrations.