ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is located in the lower part of the trunk and houses the urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters. The thoracic cavity (A) contains the heart and lungs, the abdominal cavity (C) contains the stomach, liver, and intestines, and the spinal cavity (D) houses the spinal cord. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it specifically contains the organs mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gametes. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Genes (A) are units of heredity, alleles (B) are different forms of a gene, and chromatids (C) are duplicated chromosomes. These choices are not directly produced by meiosis but are related to genetic material and cell division processes. Gametes are the specific reproductive cells formed through meiosis, making them the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The renal pelvis. The renal pelvis acts like a funnel by collecting urine from the millions of collecting tubules and delivering it to the ureters for excretion. The renal cortex and medulla are not directly involved in the collection and transportation of urine. Bowman's capsule is part of the renal corpuscle and is involved in the initial filtration of blood to form urine, not in the delivery of urine to the ureters. Therefore, the renal pelvis is the correct choice as it specifically functions to collect and funnel urine towards the ureters.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitosis. In somatic cells, mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It consists of stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Choice B: Meiosis is incorrect because it is the process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Choice C: Respiration is incorrect because it is the process of converting nutrients into energy in the form of ATP, not cell division. Choice D: Cytogenesis is incorrect as it is not a term commonly used to describe the process of cell division in somatic cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because organisms maintain homeostasis by using free energy and matter to counteract entropy. This is achieved through various biochemical processes that regulate internal conditions within a narrow range to ensure stability. By utilizing energy and matter efficiently, organisms can balance their internal environment despite external fluctuations. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance do not necessarily maintain homeostasis but rather reflect changes in the internal environment. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy would disrupt homeostasis rather than maintain it. Choice C is incorrect because maintaining the order of the external environment is not directly related to the internal balance required for homeostasis.