ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A plasma membrane. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a plasma membrane as their outer boundary. The plasma membrane is essential for maintaining cell integrity, controlling the passage of molecules in and out of the cell, and facilitating communication with the external environment. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus enclosed by a membrane (choice B), which is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes have organelles (choice C) that are membrane-bound structures, unlike prokaryotes that lack membrane-bound organelles. A nucleoid (choice D) is a region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material is located, but it is not enclosed by a membrane like the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because organisms maintain homeostasis by using free energy and matter to counteract entropy. This is achieved through various biochemical processes that regulate internal conditions within a narrow range to ensure stability. By utilizing energy and matter efficiently, organisms can balance their internal environment despite external fluctuations. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance do not necessarily maintain homeostasis but rather reflect changes in the internal environment. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy would disrupt homeostasis rather than maintain it. Choice C is incorrect because maintaining the order of the external environment is not directly related to the internal balance required for homeostasis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body tissues. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart. Veins (A) carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Intestines (B) are part of the digestive system, and bronchioles (C) are small air passages in the lungs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. According to Charles's Law, when pressure on a gas in a closed system at constant volume is increased, the temperature will also increase. 2. This is because the gas molecules will collide more frequently and with greater force, leading to an increase in kinetic energy and thus temperature. Summary: A: Incorrect - Temperature will not stay the same due to the direct relationship between pressure and temperature. B: Incorrect - Temperature will not decrease when pressure is increased in a closed system at constant volume. D: Incorrect - The relationship between pressure and temperature is known and can be determined.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. It controls conscious movements like walking, writing, or speaking. This system does not regulate automatic functions like breathing (option A), cognitive processes like thought (option B), or emotional responses like fear (option D). Therefore, the correct answer is C - Movement.