ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nociceptors detect pain. They are specialized nerve endings that respond to potentially harmful stimuli. When activated, nociceptors send signals to the brain, resulting in the sensation of pain. Deep pressure (A) and vibration (B) are detected by other types of receptors, while temperature (D) is detected by thermoreceptors. Therefore, the correct answer is C because nociceptors specifically respond to pain stimuli.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitosis. In somatic cells, mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It consists of stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Choice B: Meiosis is incorrect because it is the process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Choice C: Respiration is incorrect because it is the process of converting nutrients into energy in the form of ATP, not cell division. Choice D: Cytogenesis is incorrect as it is not a term commonly used to describe the process of cell division in somatic cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A neutralization reaction involves the combination of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. This type of reaction is characterized by the formation of a salt through the exchange of ions. In contrast, oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons, synthesis reactions involve the combination of substances to form a new compound, and decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it specifically results in the production of a salt.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. 1. Catabolism specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules to release energy. 2. Metabolism (A) is the overall set of chemical reactions that occur in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 3. Bioenergetics (B) is the study of energy transformation in living organisms, not specifically the breakdown of molecules. 4. Anabolism (C) is the opposite process of catabolism, involving the building of large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During meiosis, a parent cell undergoes two rounds of cell division resulting in the formation of four daughter cells. 1. In the first division (meiosis I), homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 2. In the second division (meiosis II), sister chromatids separate, producing a total of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Four. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because meiosis specifically leads to the formation of four daughter cells, not one, two, or three.