ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because organisms maintain homeostasis by using free energy and matter to counteract entropy. This is achieved through various biochemical processes that regulate internal conditions within a narrow range to ensure stability. By utilizing energy and matter efficiently, organisms can balance their internal environment despite external fluctuations. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance do not necessarily maintain homeostasis but rather reflect changes in the internal environment. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy would disrupt homeostasis rather than maintain it. Choice C is incorrect because maintaining the order of the external environment is not directly related to the internal balance required for homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Retina. Visual processing begins in the retina because it contains specialized cells called photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted through the optic nerve to the brain for further processing. The cornea (A) is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light, the optic nerve (B) transmits signals from the retina to the brain, and the eyelid (D) is a protective covering for the eye and does not play a role in visual processing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. 1. Catabolism specifically refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules to release energy. 2. Metabolism (A) is the overall set of chemical reactions that occur in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 3. Bioenergetics (B) is the study of energy transformation in living organisms, not specifically the breakdown of molecules. 4. Anabolism (C) is the opposite process of catabolism, involving the building of large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The renal pelvis. The renal pelvis acts like a funnel by collecting urine from the millions of collecting tubules and delivering it to the ureters for excretion. The renal cortex and medulla are not directly involved in the collection and transportation of urine. Bowman's capsule is part of the renal corpuscle and is involved in the initial filtration of blood to form urine, not in the delivery of urine to the ureters. Therefore, the renal pelvis is the correct choice as it specifically functions to collect and funnel urine towards the ureters.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body tissues. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart. Veins (A) carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Intestines (B) are part of the digestive system, and bronchioles (C) are small air passages in the lungs.