Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Digestive system. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, playing a crucial role in the digestion process by transporting food to the stomach through peristaltic movements. This is why it belongs to the Digestive system. Choice A, the Endocrine system, is incorrect because this system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones, not for the physical transport of food. Choice C, the Respiratory system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not involved in the exchange of gases, which is the primary function of the Respiratory system. Choice D, the Nervous system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not primarily responsible for transmitting nerve signals but rather for the mechanical process of moving food.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: As crooked bones. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, resulting in bone deformities. Bleeding gums (choice A) are typically associated with vitamin C deficiency. Swollen extremities (choice B) can indicate issues like edema or circulatory problems, not specifically related to vitamin D deficiency. Red patches (choice C) may be a symptom of various skin conditions, but not a common presentation of vitamin D deficiency. In summary, crooked bones are a hallmark sign of vitamin D deficiency, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food along the digestive tract. This process helps move food from the esophagus to the stomach, then through the intestines for digestion and absorption. Defecation (A) is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Osmosis (B) is the movement of water across membranes, not the movement of food. Circulation (D) refers to the movement of blood, not food in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the nervous system. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provide support and insulation to nerve cells in the nervous system. They form the myelin sheath around axons, which helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. Schwann cells are not found in the digestive system (A), skeletal system (C), or muscular system (D) as they are specifically related to the nervous system. This distinction makes option B the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions along the sagittal plane, which runs from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a transverse section dividing the body into upper and lower regions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a frontal section dividing the body into front and back regions. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the division between the dorsal and ventral cavities, not the body as a whole.