HESI A2 Biology Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Glycolysis occurs in the presence of Oxygen. Rationale: 1. Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration and takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. 2. It does not require oxygen to start but can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 3. In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced from glycolysis can enter the citric acid cycle for further ATP production. Summary: A: Incorrect - Glycolysis can occur in the presence of oxygen. C: Incorrect - Fermentation is a separate process from glycolysis. D: Incorrect - Anaerobic respiration involves further steps after glycolysis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because mitosis is essential for the growth and repair of body tissues. During mitosis, a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells with the same genetic information as the parent cell. This process is crucial for replacing damaged or dead cells, allowing for growth and tissue repair. A is incorrect because mitosis does not involve the fusion of male and female gametes, which is a process called fertilization. B is incorrect because mitosis actually maintains genetic consistency within a species by producing genetically identical cells. C is incorrect because mitosis typically produces cells that are very similar to the parent cell, ensuring the preservation of genetic information and function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because water's polarity leads to hydrogen bonding, high specific heat value, and versatile solvent properties. Polarity in water results from its unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms, creating a partial positive and negative charge. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds, which contribute to its high specific heat value, meaning water can absorb and release heat without drastic temperature changes. Additionally, water's polarity enables it to act as a versatile solvent, dissolving many substances. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they mention incorrect types of bonding and specific heat values that do not align with water's characteristics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A segment of DNA. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins and controlling various processes in an organism. DNA is the genetic material that carries hereditary information and is passed down from parents to offspring. Option B is incorrect because genes are not bead-like structures on chromosomes but are located within chromosomes. Option C is incorrect because genes are not protein molecules themselves but may code for proteins. Option D is incorrect because genes are not made up of RNA but rather DNA.