Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Simple columnar epithelium - secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall cells that are specialized for secretion and absorption due to their elongated shape and presence of microvilli. This type of epithelium is commonly found in the lining of the digestive tract where it secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Simple squamous epithelium is primarily involved in diffusion, not secretion or absorption. B: Stratified squamous epithelium is specialized for protection against mechanical stress and abrasion, not secretion or absorption. C: Stratified squamous epithelium is also not involved in secretion or absorption, its main function is protection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle. Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The other choices are incorrect because the tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle (choice B), the pulmonary valve separates the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve separates the left ventricle and aorta.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the peripheral nervous system, specifically the somatic nervous system. This system controls voluntary movements and sensory inputs. The other choices, Autonomic (B), Sympathetic (C), and Parasympathetic (D) are all part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the mentioned nerves are responsible for voluntary movement and sensation, fitting within the somatic nervous system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food along the digestive tract. This process helps move food from the esophagus to the stomach, then through the intestines for digestion and absorption. Defecation (A) is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Osmosis (B) is the movement of water across membranes, not the movement of food. Circulation (D) refers to the movement of blood, not food in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parathyroid. The parathyroid gland controls Calciferol (Vitamin D) levels in the body by regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The thyroid gland (choice A) regulates metabolism but not specifically Calciferol. The pituitary gland (choice B) controls various hormones but not Calciferol. The hypothalamus (choice D) regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland but does not directly control Calciferol. Therefore, the parathyroid gland is the correct choice for controlling Calciferol levels in the body.