HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ulnar nerve innervates the arm, specifically the pinky finger, ring finger, and part of the hand. Damage to the ulnar nerve will lead to decreased sensation in these areas. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Arm). The other choices are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not supply sensation to the Leg (A), Face (C), or Abdomen (D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism by controlling the body's energy production and utilization. The pituitary gland (A) regulates various other hormones but not specifically metabolism. The adrenal gland (C) produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are involved in stress response, not metabolism. The pineal gland (D) produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Therefore, the thyroid gland is the correct answer as it directly controls metabolic functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium levels in the body. It produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which control the body's metabolic rate. This gland also plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium levels in the blood. The other choices, A: Pituitary gland, B: Adrenal gland, and D: Pineal gland, do not primarily regulate metabolism and calcium levels in the body. The pituitary gland controls various other hormones, the adrenal gland is responsible for stress response and hormone regulation, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles and melatonin production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination as it receives sensory information from the inner ear and muscles to control movement. It coordinates muscle actions and maintains posture. The cerebrum (B) is responsible for higher brain functions, the medulla oblongata (C) controls basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, and the hypothalamus (D) regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst. Thus, the cerebellum is the most appropriate choice for balance and coordination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ulnar nerve innervates the arm, specifically the pinky finger, ring finger, and part of the hand. Damage to the ulnar nerve will lead to decreased sensation in these areas. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Arm). The other choices are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not supply sensation to the Leg (A), Face (C), or Abdomen (D).