HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Front portion of the parietal lobe. This area is known as the primary motor cortex, responsible for planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements. It receives input from other brain regions involved in movement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the top, middle portion of the parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing, the back of the head is associated with the occipital lobe responsible for vision, and around the auditory cortex is involved in processing auditory information, respectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce bile and detoxify substances. The liver plays a crucial role in producing bile, which aids in digestion by breaking down fats. It also detoxifies harmful substances in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the liver does not primarily filter blood, produce insulin, or produce red blood cells. Filtering blood is mainly done by the kidneys, insulin is produced by the pancreas, and red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The pituitary gland regulates metabolism by producing and secreting hormones that control various bodily functions. It plays a key role in growth, reproduction, and overall hormone balance. This is supported by its location in the brain, connected to the hypothalamus which controls hormone production. Other choices are incorrect: Bile is produced in the liver, blood filtration is mainly done by the kidneys, and muscle movement is controlled by the nervous system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. This type of joint allows for movement in multiple directions due to its structure where a rounded end of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone. This design enables flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Hinge joint allows movement in one plane only. C: Pivot joint allows rotational movement around a single axis. D: Saddle joint allows for movement in two planes but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing emotions, particularly fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in emotional responses and memory formation related to emotions. The frontal lobe (choice A) is primarily involved in decision-making and reasoning. The parietal lobe (choice C) is responsible for sensory processing and spatial awareness. The occipital lobe (choice D) is mainly involved in visual processing. Therefore, the amygdala is the correct choice for processing emotions due to its specific functions related to emotional responses.