Biology HESI A2 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a lysosome, enzymes break down food particles through the process of digestion. This process helps to recycle nutrients and eliminate waste materials. Ribosomes are not made in lysosomes, as they are responsible for protein synthesis. Lysosomes do not produce food but rather break it down. Water storage does not occur in lysosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is D - food is digested in a lysosome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: genus; species. "Felis" is the genus and "catus" is the species in the scientific name Felis catus. Genus is a broader classification that includes closely related species, while species is the most specific classification level. Kingdom (choice A) is too broad, family (choice A) is at a higher level than species, order (choice B) is too specific, subspecies (choice B) is not part of the scientific name, phylum (choice C) is too broad, and class (choice C) is a higher classification level than species.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a lysosome, enzymes break down food particles through the process of digestion. This process helps to recycle nutrients and eliminate waste materials. Ribosomes are not made in lysosomes, as they are responsible for protein synthesis. Lysosomes do not produce food but rather break it down. Water storage does not occur in lysosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is D - food is digested in a lysosome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because meiosis creates cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell through two rounds of cell division. This results in gametes with a haploid number of chromosomes. In contrast, mitosis produces identical diploid cells for growth and repair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because mitosis forms body cells, telophase occurs in both processes, and spermatogenesis and oogenesis specifically involve meiosis, respectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Both are prokaryotes. Rationale: 1. Bacteria and blue-green algae lack a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and have a simpler cellular structure, indicating they are prokaryotes. 2. Prokaryotes are distinct from eukaryotes, which have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. 3. Gymnosperms (choice A) are seed-producing plants, not related to bacteria or blue-green algae. 4. Autotrophs (choice C) can include plants, algae, and some bacteria, but not all bacteria are autotrophs. 5. Pathogens (choice D) are disease-causing agents, not a characteristic that defines the classification of bacteria and blue-green algae.