ATI TEAS Practice Science Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of cellular respiration is Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate. Pyruvate is then converted to Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria. Acetyl-CoA enters the Citric Acid Cycle (also known as Krebs Cycle) where it undergoes a series of reactions to produce energy-rich molecules. Finally, these energy carriers are used in the Electron Transport Chain to generate ATP. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the sequential order of these metabolic pathways.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct unit to measure how far a person can run in 30 minutes is kilometers. Kilometers are commonly used to measure shorter distances, making it suitable for this scenario. Gigameters, Megameters, and Terameters are all much larger units of distance measurement, which would not be appropriate for measuring the relatively small distance a person can run in 30 minutes. Kilometers offer a reasonable scale for measuring human running distances accurately within a small range.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sucrase. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Sucrase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down sucrose into its constituent sugars, glucose, and fructose. Lactase (A) breaks down lactose, Maltase (B) breaks down maltose, and Peptidase (C) breaks down proteins. In this case, since we are dealing with sucrose from the birthday cake, the enzyme needed is sucrase to catalyze the breakdown of sucrose into its simpler sugars.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a major structure of the limbic system responsible for regulating various essential functions like emotions, behavior, and physiological processes. It plays a crucial role in the control of thirst, hunger, body temperature, and hormonal regulation. The brainstem (A) is involved in basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, but it is not a part of the limbic system. The spinal cord (B) primarily functions in transmitting sensory and motor signals but is not directly related to the limbic system. The cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher-order thinking, sensory processing, and motor functions but is not a major structure of the limbic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cytoplasm. Pyruvate is an intermediate product of glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The biochemist isolating pyruvate is working with the cytoplasm because that's where glycolysis takes place. Chloroplasts (A) are involved in photosynthesis, not glycolysis. Mitochondria (C) are responsible for aerobic respiration, where pyruvate is eventually transported to. The nucleus (D) contains the cell's genetic material and is not directly involved in pyruvate metabolism. Thus, the biochemist is likely isolating pyruvate from the cytoplasm.