ATI TEAS Practice Science Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During Prophase I of meiosis, chiasmata structures form as homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing over. This occurs after homologous chromosomes pair up during synapsis. Chiasmata play a crucial role in genetic diversity. In contrast, Prophase II is focused on preparing the cells for division, and chiasmata formation does not occur during this phase. Metaphase I is characterized by the alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate, while Metaphase II involves the alignment of sister chromatids. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Prophase I, as it is the specific phase where chiasmata formation takes place.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because rugae increase the surface area of the stomach, allowing for better absorption of nutrients and more efficient digestion. This increased surface area facilitates the breakdown of food particles and enhances the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The other choices are incorrect because rugae do not directly impact the output of gastric juices (A), permeability of stomach walls (C), or types of nutrients that can diffuse (D).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of airflow in the lungs is Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli (Option C). The rationale is: 1. Air enters through the trachea. 2. Trachea branches into bronchi. 3. Bronchi further divide into bronchioles. 4. Bronchioles lead to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Summary: Option A is incorrect as it starts with bronchi before the trachea. Option B is incorrect as it reverses the order of bronchioles and bronchi. Option D is incorrect as it places alveoli before bronchioles and trachea before bronchi.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it specifically refers to the process of selective permeability by stating that sodium ions must travel through ion channels to enter the cell. This demonstrates that the cell membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. Receptors on the cell's surface (A) and cell communication (B) are related to cell function but do not directly confirm selective permeability. Environmental changes affecting cell size (C) are more about cell response than membrane permeability. In summary, choice D is correct because it directly addresses the concept of selective permeability, while the other choices do not provide direct evidence of this property.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterus, cervix, vagina. During childbirth, the fetus travels from the uterus through the cervix and then out through the vagina. The uterus is where the fetus develops, the cervix dilates to allow passage, and the vagina is the birth canal. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct route of the fetus during childbirth. Choice B (Cervix, uterus, vagina) is incorrect as the fetus does not move from the cervix to the uterus during childbirth. Choice C (Uterus, vas deferens, vagina) is incorrect as the vas deferens is part of the male reproductive system and not involved in childbirth. Choice D (Ovary, fallopian tube, uterus) is incorrect as this represents the path of the egg during fertilization, not the route of the fetus during childbirth.