ATI TEAS Practice Science Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it specifically refers to the process of selective permeability by stating that sodium ions must travel through ion channels to enter the cell. This demonstrates that the cell membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. Receptors on the cell's surface (A) and cell communication (B) are related to cell function but do not directly confirm selective permeability. Environmental changes affecting cell size (C) are more about cell response than membrane permeability. In summary, choice D is correct because it directly addresses the concept of selective permeability, while the other choices do not provide direct evidence of this property.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the pharynx serves as a common passageway for both food and air. It allows food to pass from the mouth to the esophagus and air to pass from the nasal cavity to the larynx. It plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing and breathing. Choice B is incorrect because the warming and moistening of air during inhalation primarily occur in the nasal cavity and the respiratory tract, not the pharynx. Choice C is incorrect as the creation of a chest cavity at the base of the lungs is primarily the function of the diaphragm, not the pharynx. Choice D is incorrect as the structural support to the alveolar region is mainly provided by the alveoli themselves and surrounding tissues, not the pharynx.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of airflow in the lungs is Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli (Option C). The rationale is: 1. Air enters through the trachea. 2. Trachea branches into bronchi. 3. Bronchi further divide into bronchioles. 4. Bronchioles lead to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Summary: Option A is incorrect as it starts with bronchi before the trachea. Option B is incorrect as it reverses the order of bronchioles and bronchi. Option D is incorrect as it places alveoli before bronchioles and trachea before bronchi.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oxygen. 1. Oxygen has 8 electrons in total, with 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second shell, following the 2-8-8 electron configuration rule. 2. Beryllium has 4 electrons with 2 in the first shell and 2 in the second shell. 3. Carbon has 6 electrons with 2 in the first shell and 4 in the second shell. 4. Helium has 2 electrons, filling the first shell. Therefore, Oxygen is the only element among the choices that fits the description of having 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the second shell.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Embryogenesis. During the first trimester of gestation, the developing organism goes through the process of embryogenesis, where the embryo forms and major organ systems begin to develop. Fertilization (B) occurs at the beginning of pregnancy, not during the first trimester. Meiosis (C) is the process of cell division that produces gametes, not directly related to the first trimester of gestation. Menstruation (D) is the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur, not a developmental process during pregnancy.