HESI A2 Biology Practice Test 2024

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ATP. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary molecule responsible for providing energy to the cell. It stores and transfers energy within cells for various cellular processes. ATP releases energy when the third phosphate group is cleaved off, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate). DNA (B) is responsible for storing genetic information, not energy. ADP (C) is a product of ATP hydrolysis and not the primary energy molecule itself. Glycogen (D) is a polysaccharide stored in cells for energy reserves, but it is not the primary molecule responsible for providing energy to the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for packaging, processing, and shipping proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies these molecules and packages them into vesicles for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The nucleus contains genetic material and is responsible for regulating cell activities, not packaging and shipping. C: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, but it is the Golgi Apparatus that processes and packages these molecules. D: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not packaging and shipping.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures sunlight for photosynthesis. Mitochondria (A) are involved in cellular respiration, not photosynthesis. Ribosomes (C) are responsible for protein synthesis, not photosynthesis. Endoplasmic Reticulum (D) is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is B because chloroplasts are specifically designed for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The genetic information in a eukaryotic cell is stored in the nucleus. This is because the nucleus contains the cell's DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's functions. The DNA is organized into chromosomes within the nucleus, where it is protected and regulated. The other choices, mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, and cytoplasm, do not house the cell's genetic information. Mitochondria have their own separate DNA but do not store the cell's overall genetic information. Golgi Apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, while cytoplasm is a fluid-filled space where organelles are located, but neither of them stores the cell's genetic information. Thus, the correct answer is B: Nucleus, as it is the specific organelle where the genetic information of a eukaryotic cell is stored.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ATP. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary molecule responsible for providing energy to the cell. It stores and transfers energy within cells for various cellular processes. ATP releases energy when the third phosphate group is cleaved off, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate). DNA (B) is responsible for storing genetic information, not energy. ADP (C) is a product of ATP hydrolysis and not the primary energy molecule itself. Glycogen (D) is a polysaccharide stored in cells for energy reserves, but it is not the primary molecule responsible for providing energy to the cell.