Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Energy production. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their role in producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose to generate ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to produce some of their proteins, but they are not primarily responsible for protein synthesis (Choice A). Breaking down waste (Choice C) is mainly carried out by lysosomes. Cell division (Choice D) involves processes such as DNA replication and mitosis, which are not directly linked to the function of mitochondria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells' main function is to fight infections. They are part of the immune system, detecting and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses. They do not carry oxygen (A), nutrients (C), or remove waste products (D). White blood cells play a crucial role in protecting the body from harmful invaders, making choice B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver, which is then released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. Bile helps emulsify fats for better absorption. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the gallbladder does not produce bile (the liver does), detoxify harmful substances, or directly break down fats. The primary function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile for efficient digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. This process is essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Choice A is incorrect because fighting infections is the role of the immune system, not hemoglobin. Choice C is incorrect as hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not carbon dioxide. Choice D is incorrect as hemoglobin binds and releases oxygen to tissues, rather than storing it.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The liver's role in detoxification involves converting toxins into less harmful substances through various biochemical processes, such as oxidation, reduction, and conjugation. This helps in eliminating harmful substances from the body. Bile secretion (A) aids in digestion, glucose storage (B) is related to energy regulation, and insulin production (D) is mainly carried out by the pancreas. Therefore, choice C is correct as it specifically addresses the liver's detoxification function.