Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Detoxifying harmful substances. The liver plays a crucial role in filtering and detoxifying harmful substances like drugs, alcohol, and metabolic waste products. It metabolizes these substances to make them less harmful for elimination from the body. This function is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing damage to other organs. Incorrect Choices: A: Producing insulin - The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, not the liver. C: Digesting food - The liver produces bile that aids in digestion, but its primary role is not digesting food. D: Storing energy - While the liver does store glycogen as an energy reserve, its primary role is not storing energy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lens. The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina by changing its shape to adjust the focal length. The cornea (A) helps in the initial focusing of light but does not have the ability to adjust focus. The retina (C) is the layer of cells at the back of the eye where light is converted into electrical signals, not responsible for focusing light. The pupil (D) controls the amount of light entering the eye but does not focus light onto the retina.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Platelets' primary function is to clot blood. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets rush to the site and form a plug to stop bleeding. Platelets release chemicals that promote clotting. Platelets do not carry oxygen (A), fight infections (B), or transport nutrients (D). Oxygen is carried by red blood cells, immunity is the function of white blood cells, and nutrients are transported by plasma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To store urine. The urinary bladder is a muscular organ that serves as a reservoir for urine produced by the kidneys. It temporarily stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body. Filtering blood (A) is the function of the kidneys, storing and concentrating bile (B) is the function of the gallbladder, and absorbing nutrients (D) mostly occurs in the small intestine. Therefore, the main function of the urinary bladder is to store urine before it is eliminated from the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange gases. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. This exchange process is crucial for maintaining proper oxygen levels in the blood and removing carbon dioxide, a waste product. Option A is incorrect because the alveoli do not absorb oxygen but facilitate its exchange. Option B is incorrect because while the alveoli do remove carbon dioxide, their primary function is gas exchange. Option D is incorrect as the alveoli do not regulate blood pressure but are essential for gas exchange in the respiratory system.