Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys act as filters, removing waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain a balance of electrolytes and fluids in the body. Option B is incorrect because the kidneys do not produce urine from scratch; they filter blood to create urine. Option C is incorrect as the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, but it is not their primary function. Option D is also incorrect because while the kidneys do help maintain fluid balance, their primary function is waste filtration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys function to filter waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment and remove harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because urine is the end product of the kidney's filtration process, not its primary function. Choice C is incorrect because while the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure, it is not their primary function. Choice D is incorrect because the kidneys primarily excrete waste rather than absorb nutrients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the intestines. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, promoting bone health. Vitamin C (A) plays a role in collagen synthesis, not calcium absorption. Vitamin A (C) is important for vision and immune function, not calcium absorption. Vitamin K (D) is crucial for blood clotting, not calcium absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells is to carry oxygen. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body. This is essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's main function is oxygen transport, not carrying nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products. Oxygen transport is crucial for the body's overall function and survival.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure in the upper respiratory tract that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus. It serves as a passageway for both air and food. The other choices, B: Larynx, C: Trachea, and D: Esophagus, are all structures found in the lower respiratory tract or digestive system. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box, the trachea is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi, and the esophagus is part of the digestive system that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct answer as it specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract.