Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calvin cycle. This process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions. Photosynthesis (A) is the overall process, including both light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Germination (C) refers to the process of a seed sprouting into a plant, not the light-independent reaction. The phosphorus cycle (D) is a biogeochemical cycle unrelated to photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because poor internal consistency indicates that the items in the test do not correlate or measure similar things. This means that the items are not measuring the same construct or concept consistently, leading to unreliable results. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to test-retest reliability, not internal consistency. Choice C is incorrect as the researcher should not influence internal consistency. Choice D is incorrect because items should vary to measure different aspects of the construct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Commensalism. In this scenario, the cattle benefit from having the insects controlled by the cattle egrets, while the cattle egrets benefit from the insects stirred up by the cattle. The cattle are unaffected by the presence of the egret, making it a one-sided relationship where one species benefits (egrets) while the other is neither harmed nor helped (cattle). This is a classic example of commensalism, where one species benefits while the other remains unaffected. A: Mutualism refers to a relationship where both species benefit, which is not the case here. B: Parasitism involves one species benefiting while the other is harmed, which is not the case in this scenario. D: Competition occurs when two or more species compete for limited resources, which is not the case here as the cattle and cattle egrets are not competing but rather benefiting from each other's presence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Honey. Lipids are organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Honey does not contain lipids as it mainly consists of sugars and water. Butter (A), wax (B), and canola oil (C) are all examples of lipids as they contain fatty acids and glycerol. Butter is a dairy product high in saturated fats, wax is a type of lipid used for protection in plants and animals, and canola oil is a liquid lipid derived from rapeseed plants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Condensation is the process in which water vapor cools down and transforms into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the air decreases, causing the water vapor to lose energy and condense into liquid droplets. Sublimation is the direct transition from solid to gas phase, not liquid. Precipitation is the process of water falling from the sky in various forms, such as rain or snow, but it does not specifically refer to the transformation of water vapor to liquid. Absorption involves one substance taking in another substance, which is not the process of water vapor becoming liquid water. Therefore, the correct answer is A: condensation.