Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calvin cycle. This process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions. Photosynthesis (A) is the overall process, including both light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Germination (C) refers to the process of a seed sprouting into a plant, not the light-independent reaction. The phosphorus cycle (D) is a biogeochemical cycle unrelated to photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calvin cycle. This process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions. Photosynthesis (A) is the overall process, including both light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Germination (C) refers to the process of a seed sprouting into a plant, not the light-independent reaction. The phosphorus cycle (D) is a biogeochemical cycle unrelated to photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shelf fungus. Shelf fungi reproduce via spore formation, a process where specialized reproductive cells are released into the environment to germinate and grow into new individuals. This method is characteristic of fungi and some plants. The other choices, B: Lemon tree, C: Smallmouth bass, and D: Staphylococcus, reproduce through different mechanisms such as seeds, spawning, and binary fission, respectively. Spore formation is unique to certain organisms like fungi, making option A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because poor internal consistency indicates that the items in the test do not correlate or measure similar things. This means that the items are not measuring the same construct or concept consistently, leading to unreliable results. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to test-retest reliability, not internal consistency. Choice C is incorrect as the researcher should not influence internal consistency. Choice D is incorrect because items should vary to measure different aspects of the construct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: rod-shaped. Bacillus subtilis is a type of bacteria known for its rod-shaped morphology. This shape is characteristic of this specific bacterium and distinguishes it from other bacterial shapes such as spiral (A), globular (B), and grape-like clusters (D). The rod shape of Bacillus subtilis allows it to efficiently reproduce and adapt to various environments. This morphology also plays a role in its motility and survival strategies. By understanding the distinct rod-shaped morphology of Bacillus subtilis, one can accurately identify and differentiate it from other bacterial species.