Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: reproductive system. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. They play a crucial role in the process of reproduction. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The skeletal system consists of bones and is not related to the ovaries. B: The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which are not related to the ovaries. C: The lymphatic system is responsible for immune response and fluid balance, not related to the ovaries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment. The nervous system communicates with muscles through motor neurons, sending signals to control muscle contractions in response to stimuli. This coordination allows for movement and responses to the environment. Incorrect choices: A: The muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves; rather, nerves control muscle function. C: The nervous system does not primarily remove excess waste from muscles; this is mainly the job of the circulatory and lymphatic systems. D: The muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions; nerves regulate muscle activity based on external and internal signals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is an anterior muscle of the thigh responsible for extending the knee joint. It consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and play a crucial role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Gluteus maximus is a large muscle located in the buttocks, not the anterior thigh. C: Biceps femoris is a muscle located in the posterior thigh, not the anterior thigh. D: Adductor magnus is a muscle located on the inner thigh, not the anterior thigh.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because body cells recognizing a pathogen represent an adaptive immune response, which is a specific and targeted defense mechanism. In contrast, choices A, B, and D are all examples of innate immune defenses that provide a nonspecific barrier against pathogens without the need for prior exposure. A: A low pH in the stomach creates an acidic environment that can kill many pathogens. B: Cilia in the trachea help to trap and remove inhaled pathogens. D: Mucus in the nasal cavity acts as a physical barrier to trap and remove pathogens. Therefore, choice C stands out as it involves a more sophisticated and specific defense mechanism compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Simple columnar epithelium - secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall cells that are specialized for secretion and absorption due to their elongated shape and presence of microvilli. This type of epithelium is commonly found in the lining of the digestive tract where it secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Simple squamous epithelium is primarily involved in diffusion, not secretion or absorption. B: Stratified squamous epithelium is specialized for protection against mechanical stress and abrasion, not secretion or absorption. C: Stratified squamous epithelium is also not involved in secretion or absorption, its main function is protection.