HESI A2 Biology Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The renal system. The renal system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, all of which are involved in the formation and release of urine. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood, and the ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine before it is eliminated through the urethra. Choice A, the digestive system, is incorrect because it primarily involves the organs responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients, such as the stomach, intestines, and liver. Choice B, the reproductive system, is incorrect because it includes organs like the ovaries, testes, and uterus, involved in reproduction, not urine formation. Choice D, the kidney system, is incorrect as it is not a commonly used term to describe the collective organs involved in urine formation and excretion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because of osmosis. Saltwater has a higher concentration of solute than the egg, causing water to move out of the egg, leading to shrinkage. A is incorrect as the egg will lose water, not expand. C is incorrect as there will be a change due to osmosis. D is incorrect as an effect will occur.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: fat-soluble hormones. Fat-soluble hormones can diffuse through the cell membrane due to their lipophilic nature. Once inside the cell, they can bind to receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus to initiate a chemical response. This process allows fat-soluble hormones to directly affect gene expression and protein synthesis within the target cell. In contrast, choices B, C, and D (amino acid derivatives, hydrophilic, and water-soluble hormones) cannot diffuse through the cell membrane and typically bind to receptors on the cell surface to trigger a signaling cascade.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cellular respiration and fermentation. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, providing energy for the cell. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that also produces ATP but does not require oxygen. Both pathways are catabolic, breaking down molecules to release energy. Option A is incorrect because protein synthesis is an anabolic process that builds proteins and does not directly produce energy. Option B is incorrect because cellular respiration and glycolysis are both energy-producing pathways, not protein synthesis. Option C is incorrect because it includes fermentation and glycolysis, omitting cellular respiration, which is a major pathway for energy production in cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the statements mentioned in choices A, B, and C are true. A: The respiratory system consists of all organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. B: Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. C: The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, as all three statements are true, the correct answer is D - All of the Above. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the organs involved in the respiratory system or the functions it performs.