Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: As crooked bones. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, resulting in bone deformities. Bleeding gums (choice A) are typically associated with vitamin C deficiency. Swollen extremities (choice B) can indicate issues like edema or circulatory problems, not specifically related to vitamin D deficiency. Red patches (choice C) may be a symptom of various skin conditions, but not a common presentation of vitamin D deficiency. In summary, crooked bones are a hallmark sign of vitamin D deficiency, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions along the sagittal plane, which runs from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a transverse section dividing the body into upper and lower regions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a frontal section dividing the body into front and back regions. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the division between the dorsal and ventral cavities, not the body as a whole.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: lateral. Cheekbones are positioned to the side of the nose, making them lateral to the nose. This is based on anatomical terminology where lateral refers to the side of the body or part away from the midline. Choice A (anterior) is incorrect as it refers to the front of the body, not the side where the cheekbones are located. Choice B (proximal) is incorrect as it indicates a position closer to the point of attachment or center of the body, not the side where the cheekbones are. Choice C (deep) is incorrect as it refers to a position beneath the surface, not the side positioning of the cheekbones relative to the nose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To break down proteins. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that specifically functions to break down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is crucial for the digestion and absorption of proteins in the body. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pepsin is not involved in breaking down starches, emulsifying fats and oils, or absorbing water and nutrients. Other enzymes like amylase are responsible for breaking down starches, bile helps emulsify fats, and various enzymes and mechanisms are involved in water and nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: As crooked bones. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, resulting in bone deformities. Bleeding gums (choice A) are typically associated with vitamin C deficiency. Swollen extremities (choice B) can indicate issues like edema or circulatory problems, not specifically related to vitamin D deficiency. Red patches (choice C) may be a symptom of various skin conditions, but not a common presentation of vitamin D deficiency. In summary, crooked bones are a hallmark sign of vitamin D deficiency, making choice D the correct answer.