Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: As crooked bones. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, resulting in bone deformities. Bleeding gums (choice A) are typically associated with vitamin C deficiency. Swollen extremities (choice B) can indicate issues like edema or circulatory problems, not specifically related to vitamin D deficiency. Red patches (choice C) may be a symptom of various skin conditions, but not a common presentation of vitamin D deficiency. In summary, crooked bones are a hallmark sign of vitamin D deficiency, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the nervous system. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provide support and insulation to nerve cells in the nervous system. They form the myelin sheath around axons, which helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. Schwann cells are not found in the digestive system (A), skeletal system (C), or muscular system (D) as they are specifically related to the nervous system. This distinction makes option B the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin. Vitamins are essential nutrients that do not provide energy directly. They help the body perform various functions but do not contain calories. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that provide energy. Carbohydrates and fats provide 4 calories per gram, while protein provides 4 calories per gram as well. Vitamins are essential for overall health and proper bodily functions, but they do not contribute to energy production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial structure in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and plays a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations. The pinna (A) is the external part of the ear, the cochlea (C) is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal (D) is a passage leading to the eardrum. These structures are more lateral to the tympanic membrane in the ear anatomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle. Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The other choices are incorrect because the tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle (choice B), the pulmonary valve separates the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve separates the left ventricle and aorta.