ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball-and-socket joint. This joint allows for the greatest range of motion due to its structure, where a rounded bone fits into a cup-like socket, enabling movement in multiple directions. This design permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, providing a wide range of motion compared to other joint types. A: Hinge joints allow movement in one plane (like the elbow or knee). C: Pivot joints allow rotation around a central axis (like the neck). D: Saddle joints have more limited motion (like the thumb).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a vital role in regulating body temperature by responding to internal and external temperature changes. It coordinates the body's response to maintain a stable temperature through processes like sweating or shivering. B: Cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance, not body temperature regulation. C: Pituitary gland regulates hormone production but not directly involved in body temperature regulation. D: Thyroid gland controls metabolism and energy levels but not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypertension. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can lead to blood clots and stroke by causing damage to blood vessels and increasing the risk of clot formation. Elevated blood pressure can strain the blood vessel walls, making them more prone to damage and clot formation. This can lead to blockages in blood flow to the brain, causing a stroke. Aneurysm (A) is a weakened area in a blood vessel that can rupture but not necessarily cause blood clots. Arrhythmia (B) is an irregular heartbeat that can increase the risk of stroke but is not directly related to blood clot formation. Asthma (C) is a respiratory condition that does not directly cause blood clots or stroke.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing. Option D is correct because it accurately describes the main functions of the Golgi apparatus. Option A is incorrect because the transport of proteins and lipids is primarily carried out by the endoplasmic reticulum. Option B is incorrect as the Golgi apparatus is not primarily for storing water and nutrients. Option C is incorrect because protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes, not the Golgi apparatus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Influenza. Influenza is caused by a virus, specifically the influenza virus. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. 2. Viruses are known to be the causative agents of influenza. 3. Asthma (A), Cystic Fibrosis (B), and Epiglottitis (C) are not caused by viruses; asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, and epiglottitis is usually caused by bacteria.