TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thymus. The thymus is responsible for maturing T cells, a type of white blood cell crucial for immune responses. The thymus is where immature T cells develop into functional T cells through a process called thymic education. The other choices are incorrect because the hypothalamus (A) is involved in regulating hormones, the pineal gland (B) regulates sleep-wake cycles, and the thyroid (D) produces hormones that regulate metabolism. These structures do not have a direct role in maturing T cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water and form feces. First, undigested material passes from the small intestine to the large intestine. Second, water is absorbed, making the stool more solid. Finally, the formed feces are stored until they are eliminated from the body. This process is crucial for maintaining proper hydration and eliminating waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions performed by other parts of the digestive system, such as the stomach and small intestine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Natural Killer cells. Natural Killer cells are part of the innate immune response as they can recognize and eliminate infected or abnormal cells without prior exposure. B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells are part of the adaptive immune response, requiring specific antigens to respond. Antigen-Presenting Cells play a crucial role in initiating the adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T-cells. Therefore, Natural Killer cells are the only cells listed that belong to the innate immune response.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fight infection. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for identifying and attacking foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. They play a key role in defending the body against infections and diseases. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because white blood cells do not primarily function in transporting oxygen, producing antibodies, or regulating body temperature. Oxygen transport is mainly the role of red blood cells, antibody production is the function of B cells, and body temperature regulation involves processes such as sweating and shivering controlled by the hypothalamus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cells. White blood cells, specifically B lymphocytes, are responsible for producing antibodies. B lymphocytes recognize foreign substances (antigens) and produce antibodies to neutralize them. Red blood cells (choice A) are involved in oxygen transport, platelets (choice C) are responsible for blood clotting, and plasma (choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries nutrients and waste products. Thus, white blood cells are the only cells among the choices directly involved in antibody production.