TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inner mitochondrial membrane. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane because it is where the proteins and complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are located. This is where electrons are passed along the chain, leading to the production of ATP. The cytosol (choice A) is where glycolysis occurs, not the electron transport chain. The Golgi apparatus (choice B) is involved in protein processing and sorting, not energy production. The nucleus (choice D) houses the cell's genetic material and is not directly involved in the electron transport chain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating muscle movements by receiving information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate motor movements. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, posture, and smooth coordination of voluntary movements. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and emotions. C: The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information but does not directly control muscle coordination. D: The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, but not specifically muscle coordination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP. Ribosomes (A) are responsible for protein synthesis, the nucleus (B) houses the cell's genetic material, and the endoplasmic reticulum (D) is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, but not ATP production. Mitochondria's unique structure and enzymes make them the primary site for ATP production in the cell.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The independent variable is what the researcher manipulates to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this study, the botanist is testing if temperature affects root growth. Therefore, the independent variable is temperature (choice A). The botanist will change the temperature levels to see how it influences root growth. Choices B, C, and D are not the independent variable as the botanist is not directly manipulating seedlings, light, or root length to study the effect on root growth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactic acid and CO2. During anaerobic respiration in humans, glucose is broken down into lactic acid and a small amount of CO2. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen, typically during high-intensity exercise when oxygen supply is limited. Lactic acid buildup causes muscle fatigue. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Ethyl alcohol and CO2 - This is the byproduct of fermentation in yeast, not human anaerobic respiration. B: Ethyl alcohol only - Ethyl alcohol is not produced during human anaerobic respiration. D: Lactic acid only - While lactic acid is indeed produced during anaerobic respiration in humans, a small amount of CO2 is also generated as a byproduct.