ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The adrenal glands are responsible for secreting adrenaline and cortisol in response to stress, triggering the fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline increases heart rate and blood flow, while cortisol releases energy stores. The pancreas regulates blood sugar, the thyroid gland controls metabolism, and the pituitary gland regulates hormone production but are not directly involved in the fight-or-flight response.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: GABA. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down neuron activity by binding to GABA receptors, leading to hyperpolarization of the neuron and reducing the likelihood of firing an action potential. This process helps to prevent overexcitation in the nervous system. A: Acetylcholine is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and cognitive function. B: Dopamine plays a role in reward-motivated behavior and movement, but it is not primarily responsible for slowing down neuron activity. D: Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, but it does not directly slow down neuron activity to prevent overexcitation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing. Option D is correct because it accurately describes the main functions of the Golgi apparatus. Option A is incorrect because the transport of proteins and lipids is primarily carried out by the endoplasmic reticulum. Option B is incorrect as the Golgi apparatus is not primarily for storing water and nutrients. Option C is incorrect because protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes, not the Golgi apparatus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Polypeptide. Translation is the process in which mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize a specific polypeptide. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons, and these amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain. The other choices are incorrect because translation does not result in the production of DNA (A), lipids (B), or carbohydrates (D). Translation specifically involves the synthesis of polypeptides, making choice C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pancreas. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels, while glucagon helps raise them. The salivary glands (A) produce saliva for digestion, the liver (B) plays a role in metabolism and detoxification, and the gallbladder (C) stores and releases bile to aid in digestion. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct organ responsible for producing insulin and glucagon.