ati teas 7 science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidneys and consists of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as aldosterone, which helps regulate blood pressure by controlling sodium and potassium levels. It also produces cortisol, which helps regulate metabolism and immune response. The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline, which helps the body respond to stress. A: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism and hormone production, not blood pressure or electrolyte balance. B: The pituitary gland regulates various hormones and functions but is not directly responsible for blood pressure or electrolyte balance. D: The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the blood and bones, not blood pressure or electrolyte balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Storing bile (A) is the role of the gallbladder, digesting proteins (C) is primarily done by the stomach and small intestine, and absorbing nutrients (D) mainly occurs in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Sunscreen protects the skin by absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat. This process prevents the UV rays from penetrating the skin and causing damage. Reflecting UV rays (A) would not be as effective as absorbing them. Blocking UV rays completely (C) is not possible with sunscreen. Stimulating melanin production (D) is not the main mechanism of how sunscreen works to protect the skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral nervous system. This system consists of nerves that connect the sensory organs (such as eyes, ears, skin) to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It transmits sensory information from these organs to the CNS for processing. The autonomic nervous system (A) controls involuntary functions, somatic nervous system (B) controls voluntary movements, and central nervous system (D) processes and integrates information but does not directly transmit signals from sensory organs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly targets healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation and damage. This is due to a breakdown in self-tolerance mechanisms. Immunodeficiency (A) is the opposite, where the immune system is weakened. Allergy (C) is an immune response to harmless substances, not attacking healthy tissues. Cancer (D) involves uncontrolled cell growth, not immune system attacking healthy tissues.