Biology HESI A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Antibiotics do not cause more bacteria to grow; in fact, they aim to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics interfere with the bacteria's ability to survive by targeting specific processes essential for their growth and reproduction (A). They can affect how bacteria multiply by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or DNA replication (B). Lastly, antibiotics specifically target bacteria and do not work on viruses or fungi (D). Therefore, choice C is the only statement that is not true about antibiotics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess a cell membrane. The cell membrane is a crucial structure present in all cells that separates the internal cellular environment from the external environment. In prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane is the outermost boundary, while in eukaryotic cells, it is surrounded by other membrane-bound organelles. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, but they still have a cell membrane. Choice B is incorrect because eukaryotic cells do possess a cell membrane. Choice D is incorrect as it contradicts the basic understanding of cell biology.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. 1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. 2. Prometaphase: Nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes. 3. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. 4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. 5. Telophase: Chromatids reach poles, nuclear envelope reforms. Other choices are incorrect because they either include incorrect phases (A, B) or repeat phases (D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis. In the haploid cell cycle, DNA replication occurs during the S phase, followed by mitosis where the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells, and finally, cytokinesis completes the division of the cytoplasm. Choice B is incorrect because meiosis is a process specific to the diploid cell cycle, not the haploid cell cycle. Choice C is incorrect as degradation is not a main event in the cell cycle. Choice D is incorrect because apoptosis is a programmed cell death process and not a regular event in the cell cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cell wall. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection. Animal cells lack cell walls and instead have a flexible cell membrane for support. Choices A, C, and D (Cell membrane, Ribosome, Chloroplast) are present in both plant and animal cells. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.