ATI TEAS Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A model. Models are representations that simplify complex phenomena, making them easier to study and understand. They often simulate natural patterns or occurrences that are challenging or impossible to directly experience. Models help researchers make predictions and test hypotheses. A: A theory is an explanation based on observed facts and supported by evidence. Theories provide frameworks to understand natural phenomena but are not direct representations of patterns that are difficult to experience. C: A law is a statement that describes a fundamental principle of nature based on repeated observations. Laws summarize patterns in nature but do not necessarily represent occurrences that are difficult to experience directly. D: An observation involves directly witnessing or perceiving a natural event. Observations are direct experiences and do not fall under the category of representing patterns that are hard to experience directly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The glomerulus. The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule where blood filtration occurs. It functions as the main filter of the blood entering the kidney by allowing small molecules like water, glucose, and wastes to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. The Loop of Henle is responsible for water reabsorption, not blood filtration. The Bowman's capsule is the initial structure where the glomerulus is located, but it is not the main filter. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney composed of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules, so it encompasses the other structures mentioned.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (3). In a typical sensory pathway, there are three neurons involved: the primary sensory neuron, secondary sensory neuron, and tertiary sensory neuron. The primary sensory neuron transmits signals from the sensory receptor to the spinal cord or brainstem. The secondary sensory neuron carries the signal from the spinal cord or brainstem to the thalamus in the brain. Lastly, the tertiary sensory neuron carries the signal from the thalamus to the sensory cortex for processing. Therefore, a sensory pathway typically comprises three neurons to relay sensory information from the periphery to the brain. Choice A (1) is incorrect because sensory pathways involve multiple neurons for signal transmission. Choice B (2) is incorrect as it does not account for the tertiary sensory neuron involved in the pathway. Choice D (4) is incorrect because the typical sensory pathway consists of three neurons, not four.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Retina. Visual processing begins in the retina because it contains specialized cells called photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted through the optic nerve to the brain for further processing. The cornea (A) is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light, the optic nerve (B) transmits signals from the retina to the brain, and the eyelid (D) is a protective covering for the eye and does not play a role in visual processing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A neutralization reaction involves the combination of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. This type of reaction is characterized by the formation of a salt through the exchange of ions. In contrast, oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons, synthesis reactions involve the combination of substances to form a new compound, and decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it specifically results in the production of a salt.