Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water to form solid waste (A). It also houses beneficial bacteria that produce vitamin K, essential for blood clotting and bone health (B). Additionally, the large intestine is involved in the absorption of some vitamin B compounds produced by gut bacteria (C). Thus, all the functions listed (A, B, C) are carried out by the large intestine. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions performed by the large intestine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pia mater. Pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer that is a thin membrane containing nerves and blood vessels. It directly covers the brain and spinal cord, supplying nourishment to the underlying cells. Arachnoid mater (A) is the middle meningeal layer that does not contain nerves and blood vessels. Dura mater (B) is the tough outermost layer that does not supply nourishment. Periosteum (C) is a connective tissue covering bones, not the meninges.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Graduated cylinder. To measure the volume of a solid accurately, we need to use a container with volume markings like a graduated cylinder. Step 1: Fill the graduated cylinder with a known amount of water. Step 2: Drop the solid into the water and measure the new water level. Step 3: Subtract the initial water level from the final level to find the volume displaced, which is the volume of the solid. The other choices are incorrect because a triple beam balance measures mass, a measuring wheel is for linear measurements, and using a measuring wheel and formula may not provide accurate volume measurements.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing to prevent food from entering it. Step-by-step rationale: 1. During swallowing, the epiglottis moves down to cover the trachea. 2. This action directs food to the esophagus (B), a muscular tube that carries food to the stomach. 3. The pharynx (A) is a common passageway for both food and air but does not prevent food from entering the windpipe. 4. The larynx (C) is involved in sound production but does not prevent food from entering the windpipe. In summary, the epiglottis is the correct structure as it specifically functions to protect the windpipe during swallowing, while the other choices do not have this specific function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for activating the 'fight or flight' response in situations of stress or danger. It triggers physiological changes such as increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, and release of adrenaline. The central nervous system (A) includes the brain and spinal cord but doesn't directly control this response. The peripheral nervous system (B) includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord but doesn't specifically regulate 'fight or flight'. The autonomic nervous system (C) includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, with the sympathetic division being the one involved in the 'fight or flight' response.