Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are typically involved in hydrogen bonding due to their high electronegativity, which allows them to form strong partial charges. This creates a polar covalent bond with hydrogen, leading to hydrogen bonding. Fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen (Choice B) are incorrect as chlorine is not typically involved. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (Choice A) lack the necessary electronegativity for hydrogen bonding. Fluorine, chlorine, and nitrogen (Choice C) also lack the required electronegativity for effective hydrogen bonding. In summary, only elements with high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are typically involved in hydrogen bonding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: By their chemical properties. The periodic table arranges elements based on their atomic number, which determines their chemical properties. Elements in the same column have similar properties due to their shared electron configurations. This organization helps predict an element's behavior in chemical reactions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because atomic mass, physical state, and charge do not determine an element's position in the periodic table or its relationship to other elements.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Electronegativity. Polarity in a molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity between atoms forming a bond. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bond and molecule. This is because electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself. Bond length (A) and bond strength (B) do not directly determine polarity, although shorter and stronger bonds can influence polarity indirectly. Molecular weight (D) is not a factor in determining polarity, as it relates to the total mass of a molecule rather than its polarity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces present in non-polar covalent compounds due to temporary dipoles. Non-polar compounds have symmetrical distribution of electrons, leading to temporary shifts in electron density causing dispersion forces. Polar compounds (choice A) have permanent dipoles, ionic compounds (choice C) have strong electrostatic forces, and hydrogen compounds (choice D) involve hydrogen bonding - all of which are stronger than dispersion forces and not typically found in non-polar compounds. Therefore, the correct answer is B - non-polar covalent compounds.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chemical. In chemical reactions, atoms interact to achieve stable electron configurations through sharing, gaining, or losing electrons. This process involves forming chemical bonds to reach a more stable state, following the octet rule. Nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus, not electron configurations. Physical reactions involve changes in state or phase, not electron configurations. Mechanical reactions involve forces and motions, not electron configurations. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly pertains to atoms achieving stable electron configurations through chemical interactions.