HESI A2 Practice Test Biology

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell. It receives materials from the ER, processes them, and then directs them to their final destinations. Ribosomes (choice A) are responsible for protein synthesis, lysosomes (choice C) are involved in digestion and waste removal, and vacuoles (choice D) are storage organelles. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it specifically functions in the transportation of materials within the cell.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Selectively permeable. The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane allows the passage of certain molecules while restricting others based on their size, charge, and solubility. This selective permeability enables the cell to regulate the movement of substances in and out, maintaining homeostasis. Option A is incorrect because the cell membrane is not impermeable; it allows some substances to pass through. Option B is incorrect as it suggests all molecules can freely pass through, which is not the case. Option D is incorrect as it contradicts itself by combining selective and impermeable, which is not a characteristic of the cell membrane.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glycolysis. In the process of converting glucose to pyruvate, the first step is glycolysis. This is where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle (B) occurs in the mitochondria and follows glycolysis, while the electron transport chain (C) and aerobic respiration (D) require oxygen and take place after glycolysis. Therefore, the correct first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is glycolysis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The second part of an organism's scientific name is the species. In binomial nomenclature, developed by Carl Linnaeus, the scientific name consists of two parts: the genus and the species. The genus is the broader category that encompasses multiple species, while the species is the specific name unique to that particular organism within the genus. Therefore, the correct answer is A: species. Option B: phylum is incorrect as it is a higher taxonomic rank above the genus and species. Option C: population is incorrect as it refers to a group of organisms of the same species in a particular area. Option D: kingdom is incorrect as it is the highest taxonomic rank, encompassing all living organisms categorized into five kingdoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell. It receives materials from the ER, processes them, and then directs them to their final destinations. Ribosomes (choice A) are responsible for protein synthesis, lysosomes (choice C) are involved in digestion and waste removal, and vacuoles (choice D) are storage organelles. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it specifically functions in the transportation of materials within the cell.