ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Total lung capacity. Total lung capacity is the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It includes all the volumes within the lungs, such as tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. It is the sum of vital capacity and residual volume. Inspiratory capacity (A) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. Tidal volume (B) is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity (D) is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: GABA. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down neuron activity by binding to GABA receptors, leading to hyperpolarization of the neuron and reducing the likelihood of firing an action potential. This process helps to prevent overexcitation in the nervous system. A: Acetylcholine is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and cognitive function. B: Dopamine plays a role in reward-motivated behavior and movement, but it is not primarily responsible for slowing down neuron activity. D: Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, but it does not directly slow down neuron activity to prevent overexcitation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phagocytes. Phagocytes are white blood cells responsible for the initial attack on pathogens by engulfing and digesting them. They include neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Red blood cells (A) are not involved in the immune response. Platelets (B) are responsible for blood clotting, not attacking pathogens. Lymphocytes (D) play a role in specific immune responses but are not the primary cells responsible for the initial attack on pathogens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypothesis. In the scientific method, a scientist creates a hypothesis based on observations or research. A model can be a representation or simulation of a process or system that helps in understanding or predicting outcomes. By creating a model during the hypothesis step, the scientist can visually or conceptually test their proposed explanation or prediction. This aids in designing experiments or gathering data to test the hypothesis further. Data analysis (B) occurs after experimentation, where collected data is analyzed. Experimentation (C) involves testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments. Conclusion (D) is the final step where the scientist interprets the results.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pancreas. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels, while glucagon helps raise them. The salivary glands (A) produce saliva for digestion, the liver (B) plays a role in metabolism and detoxification, and the gallbladder (C) stores and releases bile to aid in digestion. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct organ responsible for producing insulin and glucagon.