HESI A2 Biology 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To facilitate active transport through a membrane, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is necessary. ATP provides the energy required for active transport processes to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Glucose (Choice A) and Sodium (Choice C) are often transported through active transport mechanisms, but they are not the energy source themselves. Oxygen (Choice B) is typically transported through passive diffusion due to its small size. Therefore, the correct answer is D (ATP) as it directly supplies the energy needed for active transport to occur.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fragmentation. Fragmentation is the form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can develop into a new individual. In this scenario, ocean waves tearing sponges into pieces allows each piece to grow into a new sponge, demonstrating fragmentation. A: Budding involves the formation of a new organism from a small outgrowth on the parent organism. This process does not involve breaking the parent organism into pieces. B: Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals are formed from vegetative parts like stems or roots. This does not apply to sponges. C: Binary fission is a form of reproduction seen in single-celled organisms where the cell divides into two identical cells. This process is not applicable to sponges, which are multicellular organisms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The Krebs cycle produces ATP (A), CO2 (B), and NADH (D) as products. 2. Glucose (C) is not directly produced by the Krebs cycle; glucose is the starting molecule that enters glycolysis before the Krebs cycle. Summary: A, B, and D are products of the Krebs cycle, while glucose (C) is not directly produced by the Krebs cycle but is a substrate for glycolysis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (50%). Polydactylism is a dominant trait. If both parents have polydactylism, they must be heterozygous (Aa). When they reproduce, the Punnett square shows a 25% chance of AA, 50% chance of Aa, and 25% chance of aa offspring. Thus, 50% of their offspring are predicted to manifest the anomaly. Choice A (25%) is incorrect because that would be the percentage if both parents were homozygous dominant (AA). Choice C (75%) is incorrect because that would be the percentage if both parents were homozygous recessive (aa). Choice D (100%) is incorrect because even though both parents have the trait, they could still be carriers (Aa) and produce offspring without the anomaly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In telophase, the correct answer, new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes. During this phase, the chromosomes become enclosed within their own distinct nuclei. Prophase (A) is the initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense but nuclear membranes have not yet formed. Anaphase (B) is when chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles, with no nuclear membrane formation. Interphase (D) is not a phase of mitosis, but the resting phase between cell divisions. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it specifically describes the formation of new nuclear membranes around chromosomes in telophase.