Biology HESI A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth, skeletal, cardiac. Smooth muscle tissue is found in organs and blood vessels, skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones for movement, and cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the types of muscle tissue in the human body. Choice A includes organs and structures that are not muscle tissues. Choice C lists a neuron (nerve cell), epithelial (covering and lining tissue), and collagen (connective tissue), which are not types of muscle tissue. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide the correct types of muscle tissue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Krebs cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA, a product of glycolysis, leading to the production of NADH and FADH2. Choice A is incorrect because the proteins are not directly involved in the Krebs cycle. Choice C is incorrect because protons are not passed along a gradient in the Krebs cycle; they are used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP. Choice D is incorrect because the Krebs cycle is not known as the glycolic acid cycle; glycolysis is the pathway that produces glycolic acid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth, skeletal, cardiac. Smooth muscle tissue is found in organs and blood vessels, skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones for movement, and cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the types of muscle tissue in the human body. Choice A includes organs and structures that are not muscle tissues. Choice C lists a neuron (nerve cell), epithelial (covering and lining tissue), and collagen (connective tissue), which are not types of muscle tissue. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide the correct types of muscle tissue.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis. In the haploid cell cycle, DNA replication occurs during the S phase, followed by mitosis where the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells, and finally, cytokinesis completes the division of the cytoplasm. Choice B is incorrect because meiosis is a process specific to the diploid cell cycle, not the haploid cell cycle. Choice C is incorrect as degradation is not a main event in the cell cycle. Choice D is incorrect because apoptosis is a programmed cell death process and not a regular event in the cell cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: mitochondria. Heart muscle cells require a significant amount of energy to constantly contract and pump blood, making mitochondria crucial for energy production through aerobic respiration. Mitochondria are abundant in heart muscle cells to meet their high energy demands. Lysosomes (A) are involved in cellular waste disposal, mRNA (C) carries genetic information, and ribosomes (D) are involved in protein synthesis, but they are not expected to be unusually high in heart muscle cells.