HESI A2 Physics Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Reynolds number (Re) is used to characterize the flow regime of a fluid, determining if it is laminar or turbulent. It is calculated as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. For low Re, flow is laminar, while for high Re, flow is turbulent. Surface tension (C) and buoyancy force (D) do not directly relate to Re. Fluid density (A) affects the Reynolds number indirectly through viscosity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Boundary layer effect. The boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid that adheres to a solid surface in fluid flow. This occurs due to viscosity, which causes the fluid particles to stick to the surface. This layer affects the overall flow behavior and drag force on the object. Buoyancy (A) is the upward force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid. Bernoulli's principle (B) relates to the conservation of energy in fluid flow. Surface tension minimization (D) pertains to minimizing the surface area of a liquid to reduce its surface tension, not relevant to the adherence of fluid to a solid surface in flow.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0. This is based on the Clausius inequality which states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a constant temperature T, the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality arises from the second law of thermodynamics, specifically stating that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body. If the integral were greater than zero, it would imply a violation of this principle. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the Clausius inequality or the relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process. Choice A is incorrect as there is indeed a relationship between heat transfer and temperature. Choice B is incorrect as it should be ≤ 0, not ≥ 0. Choice C is incorrect as the integral of Q/T should not be constant for a cyclic process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, two systems are in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system, and when two systems have the same temperature, there is no net transfer of heat between them. Choice A (same pressure) and B (same volume) are not correct because pressure and volume are not sufficient indicators of thermal equilibrium. Choice D (made of the same material) is also incorrect as different materials can still be in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature.