HESI A2 Biology 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Budding. Yeast reproduces asexually through budding, where a small "bud" grows on the parent cell and eventually detaches to become a new individual. This process allows for rapid reproduction and genetic variation. Binary fission (A) is a process of cell division commonly seen in bacteria, not yeast. Spore formation (B) involves the production of specialized reproductive cells called spores, which is not how yeast typically reproduces. Cloning (D) refers to the creation of genetically identical organisms, which is not the typical method of reproduction for yeast.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into molecules of pyruvic acid through a series of enzymatic reactions. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid can then enter the citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle) to further generate ATP. Choice A is incorrect because glucose's energy is not entirely lost but rather partially captured in the form of ATP. Choice C is incorrect as glucose is not stored in NADH but rather NADH is generated during glycolysis. Choice D is incorrect as glucose does not join with molecules of citric acid during glycolysis but rather pyruvic acid is the end product.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Earthworm. Earthworms have an open circulatory system where the blood is pumped by the rhythmic contraction of vessels and flows among the tissues. This system allows for direct exchange of nutrients and waste products with body tissues. The other choices (A, C, D) have a closed circulatory system where blood is contained within vessels and does not directly contact body tissues, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osmosis. Osmosis is the process of water moving across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In this scenario, the strong salt solution outside the bacteria creates a hypertonic environment, causing water to move out of the bacteria, leading to its shrinkage. Dehydration synthesis (A) is a process where molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the loss of water. Hydrolysis (B) is the opposite process where a larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by the addition of water. Isotonic transport (D) refers to the movement of molecules across a membrane to maintain equilibrium, not the specific process described in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The Krebs cycle produces ATP (A), CO2 (B), and NADH (D) as products. 2. Glucose (C) is not directly produced by the Krebs cycle; glucose is the starting molecule that enters glycolysis before the Krebs cycle. Summary: A, B, and D are products of the Krebs cycle, while glucose (C) is not directly produced by the Krebs cycle but is a substrate for glycolysis.