HESI A2 Physics Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0. This is based on the Clausius inequality which states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a constant temperature T, the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality arises from the second law of thermodynamics, specifically stating that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body. If the integral were greater than zero, it would imply a violation of this principle. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the Clausius inequality or the relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process. Choice A is incorrect as there is indeed a relationship between heat transfer and temperature. Choice B is incorrect as it should be ≤ 0, not ≥ 0. Choice C is incorrect as the integral of Q/T should not be constant for a cyclic process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, two systems are in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system, and when two systems have the same temperature, there is no net transfer of heat between them. Choice A (same pressure) and B (same volume) are not correct because pressure and volume are not sufficient indicators of thermal equilibrium. Choice D (made of the same material) is also incorrect as different materials can still be in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To find the diameter of a circle, you simply multiply the radius by 2. In this case, the radius is 6 meters, so the diameter would be 6 x 2 = 12 meters. Therefore, the correct answer is B (12 m). Choice A (6 m) is the same as the given radius, not the diameter. Choices C (18 m) and D (36 m) are incorrect as they are multiples of the radius, not the diameter. The key is to remember that the diameter is always double the radius in a circle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To calculate density, divide the mass by the volume. In this case, 24 g / 6 cm3 = 4 g/cm3. This is the correct answer (A) because density is expressed in units of mass per volume. Choice B is incorrect as it has the inverse units. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not match the calculated value based on the given mass and volume.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Methane. Methane is a gas at room temperature and pressure, making it highly compressible. Gases have particles that are far apart, allowing them to be easily compressed when pressure is applied. Gold (A), water (B), and mercury (C) are all in liquid or solid form at room temperature and pressure, with particles closer together, making them less compressible compared to gases like methane.