Pharmacology HESI 55 Questions 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Dapagliflozin, a medication used in diabetes mellitus type 2, is associated with an increased risk of genital infections. This risk is due to its mechanism of action that involves promoting the excretion of glucose through the urine, creating a favorable environment for microbial growth in the genital area. Therefore, monitoring for genital infections is essential when a client is prescribed dapagliflozin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drowsiness. Paroxetine, used for generalized anxiety disorder, can cause drowsiness. Clients should be advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery until they know how the medication affects them. Dry mouth, nausea, and headache are potential side effects of other medications but are not commonly associated with paroxetine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amiodarone is known to cause pulmonary toxicity, which can manifest as respiratory symptoms. Monitoring for signs such as cough, dyspnea, or chest pain is essential to detect this serious side effect early and prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bulk-forming laxatives are recommended to prevent constipation because they are safe and considered the most natural option. These laxatives work by absorbing liquid in the intestines, forming a bulky, soft stool that is easier to pass, thereby helping to prevent constipation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydroxychloroquine is known to cause vision changes, including retinopathy. Therefore, it is crucial for clients to report any vision changes promptly to their healthcare provider to prevent any potential ocular complications.