Pharmacology HESI 55 Questions 2023

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide, a diuretic, the nurse should be vigilant for potential adverse effects. Furosemide can lead to excessive fluid loss, resulting in dehydration. Dehydration is a significant concern as it can exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Additionally, furosemide can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly affecting potassium and sodium levels. Monitoring for signs of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances is crucial to prevent complications and ensure the client's safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amiodarone is known to cause pulmonary toxicity, which can manifest as respiratory symptoms. Monitoring for signs such as cough, dyspnea, or chest pain is essential to detect this serious side effect early and prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To assess the effectiveness of the medication for anemia in a client with CKD, monitoring hemoglobin levels is crucial. Hemoglobin levels serve as a direct indicator of the response to treatment and improvement in the condition. An increase in hemoglobin level to 12 grams/dL suggests that the medication is effectively addressing the anemia associated with CKD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client taking metformin for diabetes mellitus type 2 is NPO for surgery, it is essential to manage their glucose levels effectively. In this scenario, the best approach is to prescribe regular insulin subcutaneously according to a sliding scale based on the client's blood glucose levels. This method allows for precise adjustment of insulin doses to maintain blood glucose within the target range while the client is unable to take oral medications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most important nursing intervention before administering ampicillin to a client with a urinary tract infection is to obtain a clean-catch urine specimen. This specimen is crucial for determining the causative organism and evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. It should be collected before starting treatment with an anti-infective agent to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the infection.