Pharmacology HESI 55 Questions 2023

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client taking metformin for diabetes mellitus type 2 is NPO for surgery, it is essential to manage their glucose levels effectively. In this scenario, the best approach is to prescribe regular insulin subcutaneously according to a sliding scale based on the client's blood glucose levels. This method allows for precise adjustment of insulin doses to maintain blood glucose within the target range while the client is unable to take oral medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Develops a sore throat.' When a client on carbamazepine develops flu-like symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, sore throat, and fever, it could indicate blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), which are potential adverse effects of the medication. These symptoms warrant immediate notification of the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To assess the effectiveness of the medication for anemia in a client with CKD, monitoring hemoglobin levels is crucial. Hemoglobin levels serve as a direct indicator of the response to treatment and improvement in the condition. An increase in hemoglobin level to 12 grams/dL suggests that the medication is effectively addressing the anemia associated with CKD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. It is crucial for the nurse to obtain information regarding the client's pregnancy status before administering misoprostol, as this medication is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential to cause uterine contractions. This can lead to serious complications such as miscarriage or premature birth. Therefore, assessing whether the client is currently pregnant is essential to ensure the safe administration of misoprostol.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The effectiveness of amiodarone is best assessed by a reduction in irregular heartbeats, as it is primarily used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias. Angina spells, ankle swelling, and cholesterol levels are not direct indicators of amiodarone's effectiveness.