HESI Pediatrics Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a situation where a limb is protruding from the vagina during active labor, the correct management includes positioning the mother in a head-down position with her hips elevated. This position helps relieve pressure on the umbilical cord and improves oxygenation to the fetus. Administering oxygen is important to ensure adequate oxygen supply to both the mother and the baby. Providing transport is necessary for prompt transfer to a medical facility for further management. Applying gentle traction to the protruding limb is not recommended as it can cause harm to the baby and should be avoided. Giving 100% oxygen and attempting to manipulate the protruding limb is not the correct approach and can potentially lead to further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.' Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Choice B is incorrect because the method of insulin administration should not be altered based on physical activity. Choice C is incorrect as insulin timing should be consistent rather than based on anticipated exercise. Choice D is incorrect since relying on foods with sugar can lead to unstable blood sugar levels, which is not ideal for managing diabetes during exercise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common overuse injury that specifically affects the knee. It is characterized by inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity due to repetitive strain on the growth plate during activities such as running and jumping. Dislocated radial head (Choice A) is not an overuse disorder but rather an injury usually seen in young children. Transient synovitis of the hip (Choice B) is an acute hip condition and not typically classified as an overuse disorder. Scoliosis (Choice D) is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and is not considered an overuse disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clubbing of fingers is a common manifestation in children with tetralogy of Fallot due to chronic hypoxia. Clubbing occurs as a result of long-standing decreased oxygen levels in the blood, leading to changes in the fingertips. Slow respirations (Choice A) are not typically a direct clinical manifestation of tetralogy of Fallot. While decreased RBC counts (Choice C) may occur due to chronic hypoxia, they are not a primary manifestation specific to tetralogy of Fallot. Subcutaneous hemorrhages (Choice D) are not a common clinical manifestation associated with tetralogy of Fallot.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Record the best of three attempts.' This method provides an accurate measure of peak expiratory flow using a peak flow meter. By taking the best of three attempts, the child and parents can obtain a more reliable assessment of the child's lung function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because using the device before taking medication, during asthma attacks, or after eating does not ensure an accurate measurement of peak flow, which is essential for managing asthma effectively. Monitoring peak flow regularly and accurately can help in adjusting asthma treatment plans and assessing response to medications.