Science TEAS Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Circulatory system. This system, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. The heart pumps blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products. The blood vessels distribute these substances to tissues and organs. The respiratory system (A) is responsible for gas exchange but not for transporting nutrients and wastes. The digestive system (B) processes food and absorbs nutrients but does not transport gases. The nervous system (D) coordinates body functions and transmits signals but does not transport nutrients, gases, or wastes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The pancreas. The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes digestive enzymes (exocrine function) into the small intestine and produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon (endocrine function). This dual role allows the pancreas to regulate both digestion and blood sugar levels. Incorrect Answers: A: The kidney - Functions mainly in filtration and regulation of fluid balance, not as an endocrine/exocrine gland. B: The spleen - Primarily involved in immune function and blood filtration, not as an endocrine/exocrine gland. D: The stomach - Secretes digestive enzymes, but does not have a significant endocrine function like the pancreas.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endocrine system. The adrenal glands are a crucial part of the endocrine system as they produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, stress response, and blood pressure. The immune system (A) is responsible for defending the body against pathogens, not producing hormones. The lymphatic system (C) is involved in immunity and fluid balance, but not hormone production. The respiratory system (D) is responsible for gas exchange in the body, not hormone regulation. Therefore, the adrenal glands being part of the endocrine system is the most accurate choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. This is because the small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the digestive system. The small intestine is lined with villi and microvilli, which greatly increase its surface area for absorption. Digestive enzymes and bile are also released in the small intestine to further break down nutrients for absorption. The stomach mainly breaks down food, the large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and the mouth initiates digestion through chewing and mixing food with saliva.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Veins. Veins have the lowest blood pressure among the structures listed. This is because veins have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to arteries and arterioles, which results in less resistance to blood flow and lower pressure. Venules are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins and have slightly higher pressure than veins. Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls and smaller lumens to withstand the higher pressure of blood ejected by the heart. Therefore, veins have the lowest blood pressure due to their structural characteristics.