Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst through its control of the autonomic nervous system and hormonal systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The cerebellum (A) is responsible for coordination and balance, the thalamus (C) acts as a relay station for sensory information, and the medulla oblongata (D) regulates vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, but not body temperature, hunger, or thirst.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen is the correct answer because it is the hormone released by the ovaries to mature an egg. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of the ovarian follicle, promoting the growth and maturation of the egg. Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone are also involved in the menstrual cycle but do not directly mature the egg. Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes and plays a role in male reproductive functions, not in egg maturation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gene. A gene is a smaller unit of genetic information than a chromosome. Chromosomes contain many genes, so they are larger in scale. The genome (option A) refers to the complete set of an organism's genetic material, which includes all the chromosomes. DNA (option C) is the genetic material that makes up chromosomes and genes. Option D is incorrect because while all the listed choices are related to genetics, genes are specifically smaller than chromosomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spleen. The spleen filters pathogens from the blood through its white pulp, which contains immune cells that detect and destroy harmful microorganisms. The spleen also removes old or damaged red blood cells. A: Lymph nodes filter lymph, not blood. B: Kidneys filter waste from the blood but not pathogens. D: Pancreas is primarily involved in digestion and hormone regulation, not blood filtration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients due to its large surface area lined with villi and microvilli, which increase absorption capacity. It also contains enzymes and bile to further break down and facilitate nutrient absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the esophagus is a tube that transports food to the stomach, the stomach mainly digests food using acid and enzymes, and the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.