Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls essential functions like breathing and heart rate. It contains centers that regulate these automatic processes. The cerebrum (A) is responsible for higher brain functions, not controlling basic physiological functions. The thalamus (C) serves as a relay station for sensory information, not for regulating breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum (D) plays a role in coordination and movement, not in controlling vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes and vessels that help filter out waste, toxins, and pathogens from the blood. Lymphocytes in the lymph nodes also play a key role in immune responses. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because the lymphatic system is not responsible for transporting oxygen (A), producing red blood cells (C), or regulating body temperature (D).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To regulate blood glucose. The adrenal glands secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. Cortisol helps increase blood glucose when needed, while adrenaline helps release stored glucose for energy in fight-or-flight situations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A is more related to the thyroid gland, B is produced by the liver, and C is primarily done by the bone marrow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products, excess substances, and toxins from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the kidneys do not produce digestive enzymes (A), white blood cells (C), or red blood cells (D). The primary function of the kidneys is to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, remove waste products, and help control blood pressure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pia mater. Pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer that is a thin membrane containing nerves and blood vessels. It directly covers the brain and spinal cord, supplying nourishment to the underlying cells. Arachnoid mater (A) is the middle meningeal layer that does not contain nerves and blood vessels. Dura mater (B) is the tough outermost layer that does not supply nourishment. Periosteum (C) is a connective tissue covering bones, not the meninges.