Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the pericardium is actually a double-walled sac around the heart, not a single-walled layer. The outer layer is the fibrous pericardium, and the inner layer is the serous pericardium. Choice A is correct because the pericardial fluid between the layers reduces friction. Choice C is also correct because the pericardium helps prevent overfilling of the heart. Choice D is correct as well, as the pericardium does protect and anchor the heart. Therefore, the only incorrect statement is B, as the pericardium is not a single-walled layer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products, excess substances, and toxins from the blood to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the kidneys do not produce digestive enzymes (A), white blood cells (C), or red blood cells (D). The primary function of the kidneys is to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, remove waste products, and help control blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (2 ATP molecules produced per FADH2 molecule) in aerobic respiration. FADH2 enters the electron transport chain at a later stage compared to NADH, leading to the production of 2 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. FADH2 donates electrons to Complex II, bypassing Complex I, resulting in a lower energy yield compared to NADH which donates electrons to Complex I. Choice A (1 ATP) is incorrect as FADH2 produces more ATP than that. Choice C (3 ATP) is incorrect as FADH2 produces 2 ATP, not 3. Choice D (4 ATP) is incorrect as FADH2 produces 2 ATP, not 4.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medulla oblongata. This part of the brain is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It contains nuclei that regulate these activities and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The cerebellum (A) is involved in coordinating movement and balance, the cerebrum (C) is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and decision-making, and the thalamus (D) acts as a relay center for sensory information. However, they are not directly involved in controlling involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Recessive Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance follows the principles proposed by Gregor Mendel, where traits are determined by pairs of genes, with one being dominant and the other recessive. In recessive inheritance, an individual must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the trait. This type of inheritance follows Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. In contrast, incomplete dominance (A) shows blending of traits, polygenic alleles (B) involve multiple genes contributing to a single trait, and combination inheritance (C) is not a recognized term in Mendelian genetics.