ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This is a crucial step in the pulmonary circulation system. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, so it does not transport blood from the heart to the lungs. The aorta is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, not to the lungs. The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart, not to the lungs. Therefore, the pulmonary artery is the correct choice for transporting blood from the heart to the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because polygenic inheritance refers to a trait that is influenced by multiple genes working together to produce a single phenotype. In contrast, pleiotropy occurs when a single gene has multiple effects on different traits. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the difference in the genetic basis of these phenomena. The other choices are incorrect because they either misinterpret the definitions of polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy (B and C) or provide vague statements without accurately distinguishing between the two concepts (D). The key to selecting the correct answer lies in understanding the fundamental genetic mechanisms underlying polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pancreas. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels, while glucagon helps raise them. The salivary glands (A) produce saliva for digestion, the liver (B) plays a role in metabolism and detoxification, and the gallbladder (C) stores and releases bile to aid in digestion. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct organ responsible for producing insulin and glucagon.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the options are valid obstacles to achieving controlled nuclear fusion on Earth. Lack of suitable materials (A) is crucial due to extreme conditions, limited fusion fuels (B) can hinder sustained reactions, and containing plasma (C) is challenging to prevent energy loss. Therefore, all factors must be addressed for successful fusion energy production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for maintaining electrolyte balance through processes like reabsorption and excretion. They also filter waste from the blood to form urine. The liver primarily processes nutrients and detoxifies substances. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering waste. The lungs are involved in gas exchange, not electrolyte balance or waste filtration. Therefore, the kidneys are the correct choice for this function.