TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air and carbon dioxide is released into the air through the alveoli walls. The bronchi (A) are airways that carry air into the lungs but do not participate in gas exchange. The trachea (C) is the windpipe that connects the throat to the lungs and does not directly participate in gas exchange. The diaphragm (D) is a muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity but is not directly involved in gas exchange.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the statements are accurate regarding the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle. A: Cardiac muscle is indeed striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected. B: Intercalated discs do anchor cardiac cells together and facilitate ion passage. C: The connective tissue endomysium serves as a support structure similar to tendons. Therefore, D is correct as all statements are true about the microscopic anatomy of heart muscle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP. Ribosomes (A) are responsible for protein synthesis, the nucleus (B) houses the cell's genetic material, and the endoplasmic reticulum (D) is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, but not ATP production. Mitochondria's unique structure and enzymes make them the primary site for ATP production in the cell.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory sounds as it contains the primary auditory cortex. This area interprets and processes sound information received from the ears. The frontal lobe (A) is involved in higher cognitive functions, the occipital lobe (B) is responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobe (C) is involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. Therefore, the temporal lobe is the correct choice for processing auditory sounds.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To control body movement and coordination. The nervous system is responsible for receiving sensory input, processing information, and sending signals to control muscle movement and coordination. It includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Choice A is incorrect as the immune system fights infection. Choice C is incorrect as metabolism is regulated by the endocrine system. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen transportation is the function of the circulatory system, not the nervous system.