Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thyroid. The thyroid gland produces hormones such as thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. These hormones control the body's metabolic rate, affecting processes like energy production and consumption. The thymus (A) is responsible for immune function, the pituitary gland (B) regulates various hormones but not specifically metabolism, and the pancreas (C) produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not metabolism directly. In summary, the thyroid gland is the correct choice as it specifically regulates metabolism through thyroid hormones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vein. Veins carry blood back to the heart, while arteries carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where exchange of nutrients and waste occurs. Lymphatic vessels carry lymph fluid, not blood. Veins have valves to prevent backflow and low pressure due to distance from the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis as they are the site where amino acids are assembled into proteins. They can be found in both the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus houses the cell's genetic material, the mitochondrion is responsible for energy production, and the Golgi apparatus is involved in protein processing and packaging, not protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cartilage. Cartilage is the type of tissue that protects the respiratory system's trachea. Cartilage provides structural support and flexibility to the trachea, allowing it to maintain its shape and prevent collapse during breathing. Bone (A) is too rigid for this function. Collagen (C) is a protein that provides strength but does not have the same supportive properties as cartilage. Keratin (D) is a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, not in the trachea. Therefore, cartilage is the most suitable tissue to protect the trachea in the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melanocyte. Melanocytes are specialized cells in the skin that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. They are located in the epidermis and transfer melanin to nearby keratinocytes. Sudoriferous glands (A) produce sweat, sebaceous glands (C) produce sebum, and hair follicles (D) are responsible for hair growth. Therefore, they are not involved in melanin production in the skin.